{"title":"Dark Matter Apple TV+","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"fermilab","title":"Fermilab","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors on 100 lb. french paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Screen Print \/ 18 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147484139720,"sku":"2046-ID-2023","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Fermilab.jpg?v=1660222078"},{"product_id":"electromagnetic-induction","title":"Electromagnetic Induction","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsed in everything from electrical generators to motors, electromagnetic induction describes how a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current, and conversely how an electric current generates a surrounding magnetic field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most common application of electromagnetic induction is the generation of electricity; when a generator or turbine passes a coil of wire in and out of a magnetic field. Magnetic field lines from the magnet cause electrons in the wire to flow, \u003cem\u003einducing\u003c\/em\u003e an electric current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor electromagnetic induction to occur in this situation, the conductor, a section of wire, must be perpendicular to the magnetic field lines in order to have maximum pressure on electrons in the wire. The direction the current flows is established by the direction of the field lines and by the direction the wire is traveling in the field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a generator, a loop of wire is rotated in a magnetic field, and since the direction of the magnetic field changes as the wire rotates, the direction of current changes, revering every half turn. This constantly reversing current is what we know as alternating current (AC).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHistory \u0026amp; Faraday’s Law\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe phenomenon of electromagnetic induction was definitively described by Michael Faraday in the 1830s. The English scientist held a public demonstration on August 29, 1831 that involved wrapping two wires around an iron ring, with each wire wrapped on opposite sides of the ring. After connecting one wire to an instrument designed to detect an electric current, Faraday showed his audience that sending a current through one wire caused a current to flow in the other wire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe current flow in the second wire was triggered by the current first wire, which was wrapped around the iron ring, creating an electromagnet. That electromagnet then induces a current in the second wire. Later, Faraday would discover that sliding a magnetic bar in an out of a coil of wire could also trigger an electric current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFaraday’s experiments with electromagnetic induction inspired what we now know as Faraday’s Law of Induction. The basic law of electromagnetism says the induced voltage in a circuit is relative to the pace of change over time of the magnetic flux through that circuit. To put it differently, the faster the magnetic field shifts, the higher will be the voltage in the circuit. The direction of the shift in the magnetic field establishes the direction of the current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe voltage generated can be boosted by increasing the quantity of loops in the circuit. With two loops in a coil, it generates double the voltage of one loop, and with three loops it would be three times as much and so on. This is why industrial generators have many, many coils – to generate a high level of power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition to laying the theoretical foundation for modern society, Faraday’s law was later incorporated into Maxwell’s equations. Devised by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, Maxwell’s equations combine electricity and magnetism into a single electromagnetic force and describe electromagnetic waves that we depend on for everything from radio transmissions to X-ray imaging.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Art Print \/ 18 x 24 in.","offer_id":42737275437256,"sku":"2046-ID-3092A","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Art Print \/ 24 x 36 in.","offer_id":42684085207240,"sku":"2046-ID-3092B","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Screen Print \/ 16 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147485679816,"sku":"2046-ID-3092","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Electromagnetic-Induction_Ed2_1.jpg?v=1660222297"},{"product_id":"electricity-full-set","title":"Electricity Bundle","description":"\u003cscript\u003e\n\/\/ Replace the bundle url with the correct bundle landing page url\nwindow.location.href = 'https:\/\/2046printshop.myshopify.com\/a\/bundles\/electricity-bundle-68zy';\n\u003c\/script\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16″ x 24″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned and numbered edition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCan’t decide on which Electricity print to purchase? Why not get all three at a discounted price!\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42147485745352,"sku":"2046-ID-3094","price":108.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/files\/ElectricitySet.png?v=1684265842"},{"product_id":"relativity-pair","title":"Relativity Bundle","description":"\u003cscript\u003e\n\/\/ Replace the bundle url with the correct bundle landing page url\nwindow.location.href = 'https:\/\/2046printshop.myshopify.com\/a\/bundles\/relativity-bundle-68y2';\n\u003c\/script\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePublished by Albert Einstein in 1905,  Relativity describes the relationship between space and time.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Art Print \/ 24 x 36 in.","offer_id":42147548397768,"sku":"2046-ID-995521","price":54.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/files\/RelativityPaircopy.png?v=1684265964"},{"product_id":"multiverse","title":"Multiverse","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16″ x 24″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned \u0026amp; Numbered edition of 100\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors on 100 lb. French Paper – Kraft Tone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur universe was created about 14 billion years ago when all known matter expanded from an infinitesimally small point, into a massive three-dimensional space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferred to as inflation, this rapid growth of space was followed by particles clumping together into the bigger pieces of matter we know today, like planets and stars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the galaxy-filled sphere of space-time we know as our universe may not be the only one. Many highly-respected theoretical physicists have been arguing that our universe is one of many unique universes, a scenario also known as a multiverse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFour levels of multiverses\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThose who argue in favor of a multiverse describe four different scenarios where it can exist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a Level I multiverse, although rapid inflation in our part of existence has stopped, it is still occurring in other, more remote parts of space. In these areas, new universes “bubble up” and inflate. Hence, we live in just one of many touching universe bubbles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Level II multiverse takes a Level I multiverse and adds the assumption that there are many different laws of nature. This means quantities we call constants of nature, such as Newton’s gravitational constant, take different values in different bubble types.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Level III multiverse is probably the one best known to science fiction fans. In this scenario, events unfold in every possible combination, resulting in alternate timelines and alternate realities. So, in one universe you might be President of the United States and in other you might be homeless and destitute.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased in alternate mathematical structures, the Level IV multiverse is similar to a Level II multiverse in that it takes into account different laws of nature. However, Level IV goes a step further by incorporating the possibility that there are entirely different sets of laws based in all mathematical possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe cases against each level of multiverse\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot every physicist buys into the theory that the multiverse exists. In fact, there has been a raging debate in recent year over its existence.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenerally speaking, the case against the possibility of a multiverse can be made either through progress in the mathematics behind a theory or new experimental data that disagrees with theoretical predictions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA compelling case against a Level I multiverse could be made by questioning inflation. This could be done by disproving the theory that space can be stretched out indefinitely. In fact, we cannot, thus far, experimentally prove anything in the universe goes on forever. While disproving inflation would also eliminate the possibility of a Level II multiverse, another way to challenge the scenario would be to show that there is only one possible set of laws of nature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Level III multiverse is based on the Schrödinger equation, which describes how a system of atoms and subatomic particles can achieve quantum superposition of two or more non-interacting branches, or they are split into many \"worlds\". If experimental evidence were to show a breakdown of the Schrödinger equation, it would eliminate the possibility of a Level III multiverse. The Schrödinger equation is currently being tested through the effort to develop quantum computers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the Level IV multiverse is based on every mathematical possibility, the scenario could be disproven by finding a physical phenomenon that math cannot describe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/are-parallel-universes-unscientific-nonsense-insider-tips-for-criticizing-the-multiverse\/\"\u003ehttp:\/\/blogs.scientificamerican.com\/guest-blog\/are-parallel-universes-unscientific-nonsense-insider-tips-for-criticizing-the-multiverse\/\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/multiverse-the-case-for-parallel-universe\/\"\u003ehttp:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/multiverse-the-case-for-parallel-universe\/\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.space.com\/32728-parallel-universes.html\"\u003ehttp:\/\/www.space.com\/32728-parallel-universes.html\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Screen Print \/ 16 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147551641800,"sku":"2046-ID-1000246","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Multi-verse_1.jpg?v=1660224441"},{"product_id":"supersymmetry","title":"Supersymmetry","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e16″ x 24″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned \u0026amp; Numbered edition of 100\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors on 100 lb. Cougar Natural\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupersymmetry\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Model of particle physics does a great job of explaining how the Universe is put together around us, but it doesn’t explain everything.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe idea of supersymmetry fills in the holes of the Standard Model, and it is the only known mathematical symmetry that can be added to the symmetries of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity without producing equations inconsistent with the known Universe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are two types of the most basic particles known to man. Fermions are the particles primarily responsible for providing mass and bosons are the particles responsible for the force interactions in the Universe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupersymmetry says every single fermion and boson has one or more superpartners, such that the superpartner of any fermion is a boson and vice versa. However, known particles don’t have the theoretical properties of superpartner. This means that for every known particle, there is a currently-unknown particle that is its superpartner. Superpartners have identical interactions with other particles and identical masses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the fact that we haven’t discovered these superpartner particles, that hasn’t stopped particle physicists from naming them. For bosons, photon has a photino, gluons have gluinos, Higgs have Higgsinos and so on. Fermions have much, much more complicated names.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese superpartners don’t exist in the world as we know it, and acknowledging their presence at this point would highly complicate the world of chemistry. For instance, if the superpartner for an electron, a selectron, with the same charge and mass, were to exist, it would mean considering atoms with electrons as well as atoms with selectrons. This would throw the periodic table into chaos as it would mean countless new kinds of atoms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSo what is the point of all this then, if supersymmetry can’t exist in world? Why bother adding it to Einstein’s symmetries and set up a naming system?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to theory, supersymmetry does exist, it is just hidden from our view. Calculations have shown that if the superpartners of all known particles are extremely heavy, too heavy for scientists to have generated them in the lab. However, the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland is expected, based on calculations, to produce superpartners.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers at the massive international particle physics project did have a major breakthrough with respect to supersymmetry when they confirmed the existence of the Higgs boson in 2013.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculations had determined that Higgs should be a very light particle. However, studies have also found interactions with known particles make Higgs very heavy. Supersymmetry, with its very heavy superpartners, solves this problem – allowing for Higgs to be very light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs for the lightest superpartner, scientists have predicted it to be steady, electrically neutral and to interact weakly with known particles. These are precisely the characteristics essential for dark matter, thought to make up most of the matter in the universe and to hold galaxies together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Model by itself does not supply an explanation for dark matter. Supersymmetry is a construction that builds upon the Standard Model’s strong basis to develop a more vibrant picture of our world. Maybe the reason we still have many of these questions on intricacies of the universe is due to the fact we have only seen one half of the picture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinks:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/profmattstrassler.com\/articles-and-posts\/some-speculative-theoretical-ideas-for-the-lhc\/supersymmetry\/supersymmetry-what-is-it\/\"\u003ehttps:\/\/profmattstrassler.com\/articles-and-posts\/some-speculative-theoretical-ideas-for-the-lhc\/supersymmetry\/supersymmetry-what-is-it\/\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/home.cern\/about\/physics\/supersymmetry\"\u003ehttp:\/\/home.cern\/about\/physics\/supersymmetry\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Screen Print \/ 16 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147552100552,"sku":"2046-ID-1000253","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Supersymetry_1.jpg?v=1660224455"},{"product_id":"darkmatterblack","title":"Dark Matter - Black","description":"\u003cp\u003eWe are much more certain what dark matter is not than we are what it is. First, it is dark, meaning that it is not in the form of stars and planets that we see. Observations show that there is far too little visible matter in the universe to make up the 27% required by the observations. Second, it is not in the form of dark clouds of normal matter, matter made up of particles called baryons. We know this because we would be able to detect baryonic clouds by their absorption of radiation passing through them. Third, dark matter is not antimatter, because we do not see the unique gamma rays that are produced when antimatter annihilates with matter. Finally, we can rule out large galaxy-sized black holes on the basis of how many gravitational lenses we see. High concentrations of matter bend light passing near them from objects further away, but we do not see enough lensing events to suggest that such objects to make up the required 25% dark matter contribution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/focus-areas\/what-is-dark-energy\"\u003eSource\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ XS","offer_id":42147562225864,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-XS","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ S","offer_id":42147562258632,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-S","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ M","offer_id":42147562291400,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-M","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ L","offer_id":42147562324168,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-L","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ XL","offer_id":42147562356936,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-XL","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ 2XL","offer_id":42147562389704,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-2XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ 3XL","offer_id":42147562422472,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-3XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ Black \/ 4XL","offer_id":42147562455240,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-6210-BLACK-4XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ XS","offer_id":43631561277640,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-XS","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ S","offer_id":43631561310408,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-S","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ M","offer_id":43631561343176,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-M","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ L","offer_id":43631561375944,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-L","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ XL","offer_id":43631561408712,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-XL","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ 2XL","offer_id":43631561441480,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-2XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ 3XL","offer_id":43631561474248,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-3XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ Black \/ 4XL","offer_id":43631561507016,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-BLACK-POD-3600-BLACK-4XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/files\/DarkMatter_POD.png?v=1714672084"},{"product_id":"dark-matter-white","title":"Dark Matter - White","description":"\u003cp\u003eWe are much more certain what dark matter is not than we are what it is. First, it is dark, meaning that it is not in the form of stars and planets that we see. Observations show that there is far too little visible matter in the universe to make up the 27% required by the observations. Second, it is not in the form of dark clouds of normal matter, matter made up of particles called baryons. We know this because we would be able to detect baryonic clouds by their absorption of radiation passing through them. Third, dark matter is not antimatter, because we do not see the unique gamma rays that are produced when antimatter annihilates with matter. Finally, we can rule out large galaxy-sized black holes on the basis of how many gravitational lenses we see. High concentrations of matter bend light passing near them from objects further away, but we do not see enough lensing events to suggest that such objects to make up the required 25% dark matter contribution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/science.nasa.gov\/astrophysics\/focus-areas\/what-is-dark-energy\"\u003eSource\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ XS","offer_id":42147562815688,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-XS","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ S","offer_id":42147562848456,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-S","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ M","offer_id":42147562881224,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-M","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ L","offer_id":42147562913992,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-L","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ XL","offer_id":42147562946760,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-XL","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ 2XL","offer_id":42147562979528,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-2XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ 3XL","offer_id":42147563012296,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-3XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60\/40 Cotton\/Poly \/ White \/ 4XL","offer_id":42817682374856,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-6210-WHITE-4XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ XS","offer_id":43772712452296,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-XS","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ S","offer_id":43772712485064,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-S","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ M","offer_id":43772712517832,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-M","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ L","offer_id":43772712550600,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-L","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ XL","offer_id":43772712583368,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-XL","price":32.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ 2XL","offer_id":43772712616136,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-2XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ 3XL","offer_id":43772712648904,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-3XL","price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"100% Cotton \/ White \/ 4XL","offer_id":43772712681672,"sku":"2046-PRINT-SHOP-DARK-MATTER-WHITE-POD-3600-WHITE-4XL","price":34.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/files\/DarkMatter_White_1_POD_0c75e604-a0b4-4c99-b0b6-dbe09efc6d9a.png?v=1689190230"},{"product_id":"darkmatter","title":"Dark Matter","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned \u0026amp; Numbered edition of 200\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors with UV Red ink – Black light required for print to “glow”\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeenah Epic Black 100 lb. paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDark Matter\u003cbr\u003e The universe is filled with matter: You see it all around you.\u003cbr\u003e Invisible to the human eye, dark matter is a type of matter that is very different from the “ordinary” matter we know so well. Many scientists say dark matter exists because we can see the electromagnetic effects it has on stars and galaxies in the depths of space. For instance, the laws of physics tell us that the stable rotation of galaxies cannot be solely explained by the effects of visible matter. Dark matter is also determined to be responsible for the light-bending phenomenon known as gravitational lensing and the speeds at which some stars in our galaxy appear to rotate.\u003cbr\u003e Most importantly, according to theory, the Milky Way would not exist without dark matter. With approximately five times the mass of visible matter with the same size, the collective gravitational pull of dark matter is said to have facilitated the formation of the Milky Way’s structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Problem with Calling It “Dark Matter”\u003cbr\u003e The words ‘dark matter’ may immediately bring to mind black holes. However, dark matter is not necessarily associated with the absence of light. Because light can pass through it, dark matter is actually transparent.\u003cbr\u003e Truth be told, scientists probably know more about what dark matter isn’t, than what it is. Brown stars, white dwarf stars, neutron stars and black holes could all be dark matter. Or none of them could be. In fact, many researchers have said each of these objects is too rare to account for all the observed effects of dark matter.\u003cbr\u003e Scientists also aren’t sure if dark matter is comprised of particles we already know, or ‘dark matter particles’ that we know nothing about. It’s possible the on-going particle experiments at CERN will eventually reveal evidence of dark matter particles.\u003cbr\u003e In light of the absence of definitive proof, a few maverick scientists have offered a theory that does away with dark matter entirely, called Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Basically, the theory says the laws of physics, as we know them, do not apply on the grandest scales. MOND theory proponents say describing dark matter has been so difficult because it simply doesn’t exist. Critics of MOND say it does not sufficiently explain the universe.\u003cbr\u003e Those backing the MOND theory were likely buoyed by a 2020 study from researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany that found galaxies as we know them are capable of forming without dark matter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDetecting Dark Matter\u003cbr\u003e Researchers have constructed extremely sensitive, peculiar systems to try to find physical evidence of dark matter. These detection systems include pools of liquid xenon located deep underground and telescopes trying to find dark matter particles breaking down into gamma rays and other phenomena we can measure. Part of the mission for the Hadron Collider is the detection of particles that can be associated with dark matter.\u003cbr\u003e Scientists are also planning on using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope to detect evidence of dark matter. When two particles of dark matter particles collide, they theoretically release a gamma ray and the Fermi telescope could potentially recognize the gamma ray evidence of these collisions. Launched in 2008, Fermi has yet to detect evidence of collisions between dark matter particles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/audience\/forstudents\/9-12\/features\/what-is-dark-matter.html\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/what-is-dark-matter1\/\u003cbr\u003e http:\/\/www.astronomy.com\/news\/2018\/09\/what-is-dark-matter\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/www.uni-bonn.de\/news\/030-2020\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Screen Print \/ 18 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147563045064,"sku":"2046-ID-1033458","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Dark-Matter_1.jpg?v=1660224940"},{"product_id":"darkenergy","title":"Dark Energy","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e18″ x 24″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned \u0026amp; Numbered edition of 150\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors with UV Red ink – Black light required for print to “glow”\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeenah Epic Black 100 lb. paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDark Energy\u003cbr\u003e Dark Energy is a theoretical kind of energy that exerts a repulsive force; the reverse effect of gravity. We are unable to directly observe dark energy, but we are able to confidently infer its existence based on observations of astronomical bodies and clusters.\u003cbr\u003e Two major discoveries are essential to the fundamental concept of dark energy. In 1929, astronomer Edwin Hubble was researching supernovae when he came to the conclusion that the universe is growing in size. Since then, researchers have tried to ascertain just how quickly this expansion is decreasing due to the decelerating effects of gravity. However, two independent teams of researchers working in the 1990s discovered the expansion of universe wasn't decreasing: The expansion was actually accelerating! The force driving this acceleration was dubbed \"dark energy.\"\u003cbr\u003e After calculating the amount energy required to overcome the gravity of known matter in the universe, researchers established that dark energy comprises approximately 68 percent of the universe. Known matter comprises less than 5 percent of the universe and the rest of the universe is made up of mysterious \"dark matter\", which appears to be completely unrelated to dark energy.\u003cbr\u003e In his famous theory of general relativity, Albert Einstein initially included a cosmological constant to take into account what he thought was the static nature of the universe. But after Hubble's discovery that the universe is expanding, Einstein removed the constant and thought of it as one of his biggest mistakes.\u003cbr\u003e However, Einstein's miscalculation may be the best way to describe dark energy. Einstein’s constant suggests that space can have its own energy. It also suggests that as more space is created, more dark energy would also be created, increasingly counteracting gravity.\u003cbr\u003e Even though Einstein's constant matches observations, researchers still aren't sure why it does.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProblems with Dark Energy Theory\u003cbr\u003e While dark energy is a widely accepted concept, not everybody is onboard and alternative explanations for dark energy have gained traction.\u003cbr\u003e One of the major hurdles is the staggering disparity between the expected power of dark energy, and its detected strength. Calculations based on quantum field theory produce a strength value that is 10120 times bigger than the observations tell us. If dark energy were as strong as calculations indicate, the universe would grow so fast, individual atoms would be pulled apart from one another, making stars incapable of forming.\u003cbr\u003e Clearly, there is a massive fundamental flaw in the theory behind dark energy. This disparity has led some researchers to put forward other, fairly controversial alternatives, or even refuse to acknowledge the existence of dark energy.\u003cbr\u003e Some researchers have proposed that our observations of the universe are skewed because the Milky Way is located within an area of low density that was created by a density wave. Possibly caused by the Big Bang, this cosmic wave in space-time would have left a low-density ripple that is tens of millions of light-years wide. While theoretically possible, this perspective-altering difference in space-time would defy the Copernican principle that says the universe is largely homogenous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003cbr\u003e http:\/\/astronomy.swin.edu.au\/cosmos\/D\/Dark+Energy\u003cbr\u003e https:\/\/www.space.com\/20929-dark-energy.html\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Screen Print \/ 18 x 24 in.","offer_id":42147564191944,"sku":"2046-ID-1033468","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Dark-Energy_1.jpg?v=1660224957"},{"product_id":"inflation","title":"Inflation","description":"\u003cp\u003eTime begins:\u003cbr\u003e Most cosmologists agree that the universe begins as a hot, dense point. It’s just a fraction of the size of an atom, yet so dense it contains everything that exists in the universe: matter, energy and space. In the beginning, the fundamental forces of physics— gravity, strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism—are all united into one force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003csup\u003e−43\u003c\/sup\u003e second:\u003cbr\u003e Gravity separates from the other fundamental forces. The first subatomic particles and antiparticles appear.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003csup\u003e−36\u003c\/sup\u003e seconds to 10\u003csup\u003e−32\u003c\/sup\u003e seconds:\u003cbr\u003e Strong nuclear force separates from the remaining fundamental forces, causing the universe to scale up at break-neck speed—from the fraction of the size of an atom to about the size of a softball.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003csup\u003e−12\u003c\/sup\u003e seconds to 10\u003csup\u003e−6\u003c\/sup\u003e seconds:\u003cbr\u003e The fundamental forces of physics are now distinct from each other, behaving just as they do today. At this point, subatomic particle and antiparticle pairs are constantly being created and destroyed. But not everything is destroyed because there are slightly more particles than antiparticles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003csup\u003e−6\u003c\/sup\u003e seconds to 3 minutes:\u003cbr\u003e Some of the surviving particles become protons and neutrons. The other surviving particles are leptons, which collide with antiparticles and release photon energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 minutes to 20 minutes:\u003cbr\u003e The expanding universe cools just enough for the nuclei of the basic elements hydrogen and helium to form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e380,000 years:\u003cbr\u003e Hydrogen and helium atoms form. High-energy photons begin to travel freely through space and are detectable today as cosmic background radiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 million years:\u003cbr\u003e Gravity begins to pull hydrogen and helium atoms together to form stars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 billion years:\u003cbr\u003e Matter clusters into billions of galaxies where heat and pressure create new chemical elements. When stars explode, the elements inside them become the building blocks of planets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.5 - 9 billion years:\u003cbr\u003e The sun forms by pulling the debris of exploded stars toward itself.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.2 billion years:\u003cbr\u003e Earth takes shape.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.2 billion years:\u003cbr\u003e The first living organisms form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePresent day, 13.7 billion years\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Art Print \/ 36 x 24 in.","offer_id":42688096075976,"sku":"infltngp2436","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Inflation.jpg?v=1660225004"},{"product_id":"darkmatterset","title":"Dark Matter Bundle","description":"\u003cscript\u003e\n\/\/ Replace the bundle url with the correct bundle landing page url\nwindow.location.href = 'https:\/\/2046printshop.myshopify.com\/a\/bundles\/dark-matter-bundle-68xv';\n\u003c\/script\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBoth our Dark Matter and Dark Energy prints at a discounted price!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"woocommerce-product-details__short-description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e18″ x 24″\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHand-made screen print\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEdition #1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSigned \u0026amp; Numbered edition of 100\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3 colors with UV Red ink\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeenah Epic Black 100 lb. paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"2046printshop-test-import-01","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42147565306056,"sku":"2046-ID-1034203","price":81.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0604\/3041\/8120\/products\/Dark-Matters_1.png?v=1660225029"},{"product_id":"special-relativity","title":"Special Relativity","description":"\u003cp\u003eSpecial Relativity Poster\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst published by Albert Einstein in 1905, special relativity describes the relationship between space and time. While Sir Isaac Newton theorized that space and time were independent of each other, Einstein concluded that the two are inextricably linked.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe two main tenets of Einstein’s special theory of relativity are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethe laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethe speed of light in a vacuum is constant regardless of the speed of the observer\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsider a car speeding down the highway, heading north at 55 mph. When it turns northeast to merge onto another highway, it suddenly isn’t traveling north at 55 mph anymore since some of that motion has been shifted east during the merge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe same principle applies to space and time. For example, a parked car may not be traveling through space – but it is traveling through time with each passing second and minute. If the car is parked and quickly speeds away, some of that motion through time is diverted into travel through space.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is important to note the second tenet – the speed of light is constant – because it means combined motion of any object through space and its motion through time is always equal to the speed of light. In the analogy, this means that the car cannot accelerate as it moves northeast to maintain a northward velocity of 55 mph. Therefore, the speed of light is essentially a speed limit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis relationship also means that time slows down for the driver of a moving car relative to time for a stationary observer. This might seem outlandish since a cross-country plane trip doesn’t slow aging, but the idea of time slowing down was proven in 1971, when Joseph Hafele and Richard Keating flew atomic clocks around the world on a commercial jet. After the pilots landed, their clocks were compared to identical clocks left on the ground. It was determined that time had indeed slowed for the flying clocks – by a few hundred billionths of a second.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, since light has all of its motion being used traveling through space – time has stopped for anything traveling at the speed of light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEinstein’s special theory of relativity also showed that speed of light squared (c\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e), which is a very large number, and a small amount of mass (m) – translates into a huge amount of energy (E). Through the equation E=mc\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e, Einstein could then explain the enormous energy released by massive stars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt the time Einstein published his theory, he was unsure if there was an accessible physical mechanism by which that reaction can take place on Earth. Unfortunately, those of use living in the nuclear age know that there are several physical processes capable of releasing massive quantities of energy. 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What are we made of?  What is the machinery of the universe?  What forces move and shape it?  For many decades, physicists have been in pursuit of a Grand Unified Theory – a description of the way the universe works, from the large-scale movements of galaxies to the interactions of the subatomic particles that compose us.  Our current picture is split, with conflicting models for the very large and the very small.  Einstein’s General Relativity elegantly describes how gravity interacts with our four dimensions of space and time, but it can’t be combined with our so-called Standard Model of particle physics.  The Standard Model contains a catalog of particles, like quarks and electrons that make up normal matter, and others that act as the messengers of three forces: electromagnetism, the “strong” force that holds the atomic nucleus together, and the “weak” force responsible for radioactivity.  If we don’t know how all four forces fit together, then we must be missing something vital.  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